37 research outputs found
Dietary intake and stress fractures among elite male combat recruits
Get PDF<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Appropriate and sufficient dietary intake is one of the main requirements for maintaining fitness and health. Inadequate energy intake may have a negative impact on physical performance which may result in injuries among physically active populations. The purpose of this research was to evaluate a possible relationship between dietary intake and stress fracture occurrence among combat recruits during basic training (BT).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Data was collected from 74 combat recruits (18.2 ± 0.6 yrs) in the Israeli Defense Forces. Data analyses included changes in anthropometric measures, dietary intake, blood iron and calcium levels. Measurements were taken on entry to 4-month BT and at the end of BT. The occurrence of stress reaction injury was followed prospectively during the entire 6-month training period.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Twelve recruits were diagnosed with stress fracture in the tibia or femur (SF group). Sixty two recruits completed BT without stress fractures (NSF). Calcium and vitamin D intakes reported on induction day were lower in the SF group compared to the NSF group-38.9% for calcium (589 ± 92 and 964 ± 373 mg·d<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, <it>p </it>< 0.001), and-25.1% for vitamin D (117.9 ± 34.3 and 157.4 ± 93.3 IU·d<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, <it>p </it>< 0.001). During BT calcium and vitamin D intake continued to be at the same low values for the SF group but decreased for the NSF group and no significant differences were found between these two groups.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The development of stress fractures in young recruits during combat BT was associated with dietary deficiency before induction and during BT of mainly vitamin D and calcium. For the purpose of intervention, the fact that the main deficiency is before induction will need special consideration.</p
Breast tumour angiogenesis
Get PDFThe central importance of tumour neovascularization has been emphasized by clinical trials using antiangiogenic therapy in breast cancer. This review gives a background to breast tumour neovascularization in in situ and invasive breast cancer, outlines the mechanisms by which this is achieved and discusses the influence of the microenvironment, focusing on hypoxia. The regulation of angiogenesis and the antivascular agents that are used in an antiangiogenic dosing schedule, both novel and conventional, are also summarized
Knowledge and attitudes to vitamin D and sun exposure in elite New Zealand athletes: a cross-sectional study
Get PDFGene Expression Profiles in Human and Mouse Primary Cells Provide New Insights into the Differential Actions of Vitamin D-3 Metabolites
Get PDF1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3) had earlier been regarded as the only active hormone. The newly identified actions of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) and 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24R,25(OH)2D3) broadened the vitamin D3 endocrine system, however, the current data are fragmented and a systematic understanding is lacking. Here we performed the first systematic study of global gene expression to clarify their similarities and differences. Three metabolites at physiologically comparable levels were utilized to treat human and mouse fibroblasts prior to DNA microarray analyses. Human primary prostate stromal P29SN cells (hP29SN), which convert 25(OH)D3 into 1α,25(OH)2D3 by 1α-hydroxylase (encoded by the gene CYP27B1), displayed regulation of 164, 171, and 175 genes by treatment with 1α,25(OH)2D3, 25(OH)D3, and 24R,25(OH)2D3, respectively. Mouse primary Cyp27b1 knockout fibroblasts (mCyp27b1−/−), which lack 1α-hydroxylation, displayed regulation of 619, 469, and 66 genes using the same respective treatments. The number of shared genes regulated by two metabolites is much lower in hP29SN than in mCyp27b1−/−. By using DAVID Functional Annotation Bioinformatics Microarray Analysis tools and Ingenuity Pathways Analysis, we identified the agonistic regulation of calcium homeostasis and bone remodeling between 1α,25(OH)2D3 and 25(OH)D3 and unique non-classical actions of each metabolite in physiological and pathological processes, including cell cycle, keratinocyte differentiation, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis signaling, gene transcription, immunomodulation, epigenetics, cell differentiation, and membrane protein expression. In conclusion, there are three distinct vitamin D3 hormones with clearly different biological activities. This study presents a new conceptual insight into the vitamin D3 endocrine system, which may guide the strategic use of vitamin D3 in disease prevention and treatment.Peer reviewe
Neutralizing antibody responses to enterovirus and adenovirus in healthy adults in China
No full textHand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is an important public health problem that has emerged over the past several years. HFMD predominantly infects children under seven years old and occasionally causes severe disease in adults. Among the enteroviruses, enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus 16 (CA16) are the major causative agents of HFMD. In addition, adenovirus cocirculates with enterovirus and has become a possible additional pathogenic factor for HFMD in some cases. Here, we have investigated the neutralizing antibody responses to both enterovirus and adenovirus in adults, with the aim of exploring the prevalence trends of these viruses and the nature of protective immunity in humans to these viral infections. Sera from 391 healthy adults from 21 provinces and cities in China were tested for the presence of antibodies against EV71, CA16, adenovirus human serotype 5 (AdHu5) and chimpanzee adenovirus pan7 (AdC7) using neutralization tests. High seroprevalence rates of EV71, CA16 and AdHu5 were found in the population (85.7%, 58.8% and 74.2%, respectively). The coseropositivity rate of these three viruses was 39.4% (154 of 391), with median neutralizing antibody titers of 80, 40 and 640, respectively, and the neutralizing antibody titer for EV71 was found to be correlated with those of CA16 and AdHu5. AdC7 was found to be a rare adenovirus serotype in the human population, with a seropositivity rate of 11.8%, suggesting that it could be a good choice for a vaccine carrier that could be used in vaccine development
Regular physical exercise before entering military service may protect young adult men from fatigue fractures
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TRAPP stably associates with the Golgi and is required for vesicle docking
No full textBet3p, a component of a large novel complex called TRAPP, acts upstream of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–Golgi SNAREs. Unlike the SNAREs, which reside on multiple compartments, Bet3p is localized exclusively to Golgi membranes. While other proteins recycle from the Golgi to the ER, Bet3p and other TRAPP subunits remain associated with this membrane under conditions that block anterograde traffic. We propose that the persistent localization of TRAPP to the Golgi may be important for its role in docking vesicles to this membrane. Consistent with this proposal, we find that transport vesicles fail to bind to Golgi membranes in vitro in the absence of Bet3p. Binding is restored by the addition of cytosol containing Bet3p. These findings indicate that TRAPP stably associates with the Golgi and is required for vesicle docking
Characterization of skeletal parameters in a cohort of North Italian rugby players
No full textBACKGROUND:
Vitamin D deficiency is common in the general population and may impair skeletal muscle function. Very few data are available regarding this condition in professional athletes.
AIM:
To evaluate some skeletal parameters and in particular serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status in professional rugby players during two different sunlight exposure times (October and early April) and to assess its impact on bone metabolism.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Twenty-one male healthy professional rugby players living in northern Italy at latitude of 44°55'N (age 24.6 ± 4.3 years; height 182.0 ± 0.05 cm; mass 96.3 ± 14.6 kg; BMI 28.9 ± 3.7 kg/m(2)) participated in this observational study. During 2012/2013 Italian rugby season, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, PTH and other related biochemical parameters were monitored. Dietary calcium intake and body composition by DXA were also evaluated.
RESULTS:
Significant changes were observed between October and April data for 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (22.8 ± 5.8 vs. 19.1 ± 5.3 ng/ml; p = 0.001) whereas serum PTH, calcium and phosphorus plasma levels did not change. They presented with an appropriate daily intake of calcium (1,304.8 ± 477.9 mg; max 1,939 mg; min 228 mg).
CONCLUSIONS:
Professional rugby athletes practicing a sport characterized by intense outdoor training and with good calcium intake are at higher risk of hypovitaminosis D that worsens significantly during times of low cutaneous vitamin D production. Further studies are warranted to evaluate whether an appropriate supplementation with cholecalciferol in professional athletes is needed
